East Asia, China, Han Dynasty, ca. 206 BCE to 220 CE. A fine mold-made pottery horse head displaying a lively visage with bulging eyes, a pronounced snout with flared nostrils, and an open mouth revealing his teeth and likely neighing. Presenting a neatly manicured mane, the head is constrained by a slender bridle that arches over the eyes and travels back to the neck. Size: 6.125" L x 2.25" W x 6.375" H (15.6 cm x 5.7 cm x 16.2 cm); 7.875" H (20 cm) on included custom stand.
During this period of Chinese history, horses came from the Ferghama Valley in Central Asia - present day Afghanistan. When elite individuals passed away, "walking" terracotta Ferghama horses displaying an immense degree of attention to detail, like this example, were created to carry the deceased into the hereafter. The horse, second only in importance to the dragon, was believed to possess magical powers. The number of horses owned by an individual ensured his high status in the afterlife.
Funerary sculptures like this piece are part of a class of artifacts called mingqi - sometimes known as "spirit utensils" or "vessels for ghosts". They became popular in the Han Dynasty and would persist for several centuries. Alongside figures like this one were musicians, athletes, animals, structures, and more. Even though they were mass produced, mingqi of the Han Dynasty often show a high level of detail and naturalism. These were designed to assist the po, the part of the soul of the deceased that remained underground with the body while the hun, the other part of the soul, ascended. According to scholars, caring for the po took on a new level of meaning in the Han period, with more elaborate rituals and tomb construction arising.
Provenance: private Santa Clara collection, California, USA, acquired before 2010
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#164698
Condition
Fragment of a larger piece. Loss of original ears. Repaired with restoration. Otherwise, very nice with rich earthen deposits on interior.