East Asia, China, Han Dynasty, ca. 206 BCE to 220 CE. A charming ceramic dog, lying in a prone position with his legs tucked beneath him, a perky tail curled above his haunches, and a very alert expression, featuring large raised ears, a pronounced snout with incised whiskers, wrinkles on his nose, flaring nostrils, bulging wide-open eyes with incised lashes, and an open mouth revealing his tongue and sharp teeth. One can almost hear him barking! An applied collar and harness is placed around his neck and shoulders. This canine is the picture of watchfulness and companionship, a faithful dog ready to guard his master's tomb! Size: 11.25" L x 5.125" H (28.6 cm x 13 cm)
Han Dynasty sculptors recreated various breeds of dogs in their artwork, and this example is most likely a chow dog, who are often shown with harnesses because they were used to pull small sleighs. Tomb figures like this one are part of a class of artifacts called mingqi - sometimes known as "spirit utensils" or "vessels for ghosts". They became popular in the Han Dynasty and would persist for several centuries. Alongside figures like this one were other animals, musicians, athletes, structures… anything the deceased might need to recreate the world of the living. Mingqi of the Han Dynasty often show a high level of detail and naturalism as we see in this example. These were designed to assist the po, the part of the soul of the deceased that remained underground with the body while the hun, the other part of the soul, ascended. Caring for the po seems to have taken on a new level of meaning in the Han period, with more elaborate rituals and tomb construction arising.
Provenance: private Rochester, Michigan, USA collection
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#138136
Condition
Front paws restored. Probable restoration to tail, ears, and sections of collar. Expected surface wear, scuffs, nicks, and abraded areas. Body possibly repaired from several large pieces.