East Asia, China, Early Han Dynasty, ca. 206 BCE. A mold-made earthenware horse and rider, finely modeled and covered with nice traces of white, black, blue, and red-orange pigments. During the Han dynasty, the ancients placed such model figures in tombs to ensure a safe journey to the afterlife. Note how the sculptor delineated the details of the rider's form and clothing (including a receptacle for carrying weapons or implements on his back) and positioned his arms as if holding reins, or possibly a weapon and flag - perforations through the hands confirm this. In addition, the muscular body of his noble steed is carefully rendered as well. Size: 11.875" L x 11.375" H (30.2 cm x 28.9 cm)
According to the curatorial team of the Kimbell Art Museum that which has a similar horse and rider in its collection, "Historical records indicate that when important military officials died, the imperial Han court would give them elaborate funerals, including a full military cortege." (https://www.kimbellart.org/collection-object/horse-and-rider) Hence, this horse and rider was most likely originally part of a funerary entourage comprised of soldiers and cavalrymen created to honor a deceased official.
Tomb attendants like this one are part of a class of artifacts called mingqi - sometimes known as "spirit utensils" or "vessels for ghosts". They became popular in the Han Dynasty and would persist for several centuries. Alongside figures like this one were musicians, athletes, animals, structures
Condition
Rider's torso reattached at the waist. Horse's rear legs repaired and reattached. Small repair and loss to sleeve of right hand. Expected surface wear with pigment loss commensurate with age, but nice traces of original pigments remain. Object(s) once in hands missing.