Pre-Columbian, North Coast Peru, Chavin, ca. 900 to 500 BCE. A fabulous bowl of a squat, stocky form with a round but stable base, thick walls, a rounded rim, and a shallow basin. The exterior bears four identical faces in low relief, abstract and zoomorphic in form, depicting the serpentine Underworld God. Each face bears gnashing teeth, an upturned nose, and emotionless eyes, with a narrow wrap topping the forehead, and a feathered headdress draped behind the skull. The smoothness of the interior and exterior surfaces indicates this bowl took an exceedingly long time to create and exemplifies the strength of the Chavin spiritual beliefs in their deities and religion. Size: 4.9" Diameter x 2.7" H (12.4 cm x 6.9 cm).
The serpent is one of the most frequently represented animals in the Chavin pantheon of mythological zoomorphic creatures. The Chavin lived in the northern Highland Andes, and their capital, Chavin de Huantar, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. In the center of Chavin de Huantar is a massive, flat-topped pyramid, surrounded by lower platforms. Between 1200 and 500 BCE the pyramid space was used for religious ceremonies. The Old Temple, constructed very early in the history of the site, consists of a series of passageways built around a circular courtyard. Within were carved stone monuments showing serpents, jaguars, and other figures with transformative and/or anthropomorphic figures. At the very center was a towering stone stela depicting an anthropomorphic figure with a jaguar head, a human body, and eyebrows and hair made of snakes. This was Lanzon, the chief deity of Chavin. Researchers believe that worshippers ingested hallucinogenic drugs were led in the dark through the labyrinthine passageways before entering the central courtyard and coming abruptly face-to-face with the snarling features of the god.
Provenance: private southwestern Pennsylvania, USA collection
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#150156
Condition
Minor nicks and abrasions to base, walls, and rim, with light softening to some low relief details, and light encrustations within basin and some recessed areas, otherwise intact and excellent. Light earthen deposits and great surface smoothness throughout.