Europe, Byzantine, ca. 300 to 700 CE. An intricately engraved nacre shell plaque on a wooden base of trapezoidal form with petite wooden legs on each corner featuring a central cross flanked by the two first Christian rulers of the Roman Empire; Saint Constantine, or Emperor Constantine the Great who converted the empire to Christianity, on the left and his mother, Saint Helena, on the right. Our two diademed leaders dress in long belted robes and stand in a lovely floral and latticework motif, each holding the central cross with one hand and a scepter with a petaloid finial in the other; symbols of the merging of stately and religious rule. Their flared sleeves and large collars are embellished with the IX monogram; an early Christogram formed by combining the Greek letter "I" of Iota for Iesous (Jesus) and X or Chi for Christos (Christ). Above the arms of the cross, two flowers rest atop scrolls displaying each of saint's names inscribed in Greek, while two vertical ichthyses, or Christian fish symbols, sit between each ruler and the cross. The beaming iridescence of the nacre shell imbues the piece with a feeling of ethereality. An exceptional Byzantine example, ripe with early Christian iconography and artistic virtuosity. Size: 3" L x 0.5" W x 3.25" H (7.6 cm x 1.3 cm x 8.3 cm)
According to historians, Saint Helena travelled to the Holy Land and discovered the cross used in the crucifixion of Jesus, or True Cross; thus the cross here likely represents the True Cross.
Provenance: ex Estate of Eldert Bontekoe, Pegasi Numismatics, Ann Arbor, Michigan USA, acquired before 2000
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#157930
Condition
Missing lower right corner of wood and parts of shell pieces in respective corner. Minor chip to lover left corner. Some staining of shell with light softening of detail commensurate with age. Otherwise, excellent with rich patina.