Ancient Greece, Magna Graecia, South Italy, Apulian, ca. 4th century BCE. An exemplary pottery bell krater, extensively decorated via the red figure technique. The vessel presents a characteristically bell-shaped body, upturned loop handles, and a dramatically flared rim, all upon a raised pedestal base. Side A depicts a lively scene of figures featuring a maenad holding a wreath confronting a nude and crowned Dionysus - Roman Bacchus, the Greek god of wine - who holds a platter in one hand and a wreath with a sash in the other. A heavy cloak is draped over the deity's left arm, cascading downwards in billowing folds of luxurious fabric. Alternatively, side B features 2 ephebi or youths confronted, both cloaked in lengthy himations, though 1 presents a bare right arm that reaches out to grasp a staff or walking stick. An abstract, circular motif floats in the air between the 2 boys. Size: 11.4" H (29 cm)
The gorgeous vessel is further embellished by a band of laurel leaves encircles the rim and a pair of geometric borders of maze motifs and square designs that sit below each figural scene.
Perhaps the most exciting innovation in Greek vase painting was the red-figure technique, invented in Athens around 525 BCE and beloved by other artists of Magna Graecia. The red-figure technique allowed for much greater flexibility as opposed to the black-figure technique, for now the artist could use a soft, pliable brush rather than a rigid metal graver to delineate interior details, play with the thickness of the lines, as well as build up or dilute glazes to create chromatic effects. The painter would create figures by outlining them in the natural red of the vase, and then enrich these figural forms with black lines to suggest volume, at times perspectival depth, and movement, bringing those silhouettes and their environs to life. Beyond this, fugitive pigments made it possible for the artist to create additional layers of interest and detail as we see in this example.
The cult of Dionysos originated in Thrace and became widespread in Greece in the 6th century BCE. During the reign of Pisistratus (560-527 BCE), the cult of Dionysos became an official state cult in Athens.
Cf. Beazley Archive, 9007646.
Provenance: private New York, New York, USA collection; ex-Sotheby's London, Antiquities, December 8th to 9th, 1986, lot 196; ex-private London, UK collection
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#170403
Condition
Repairs to foot and rim with restoration over break lines. Expected nicks, abrasions, and some areas of re-painting. Otherwise, excellent with impressive remaining pigments and detail.