Magna Graecia, Southern Italy, Apulia, ca. 330 to 320 BCE. An essential for any drinking symposium - a lovely, terracotta bell krater featuring red figure decoration of a Dionysian scene on one side and a pair of cloaked men on the other. On the first side, a robed maenad stands above a nude Dionysus - the Greek god of wine - presenting a box to him as an offering with her left hand and grasping a mirror - a symbol of her femininity - in her right. Seated upon a rock, the crowned deity holds a thyrsus in one arm as he gestures toward the female with a wreath. Alternatively, the other side features a pair of cloaked ephebes confronting, as though mid-conversation. A pair of palmettes separates the scenes which are nicely framed by a band of crested motif below and laurel leaves above. Size: 10.4" Diameter x 11" H (26.4 cm x 27.9 cm)
As it was considered barbaric to consume unmixed wine, bell kraters like this one were used for mixing the wine with water, usually at a 1 to 3 ratio. These vessels were frequently decorated with subject matter for philosophical debate or titilation, thus it was common for one side to present a playful image and the other a sombre scene, allowing for 2 topics of conversation, as seen here.
Refined vases like this volute krater were not merely utilitarian pottery, but rather works of art in their own right, highly prized throughout the classical world. Furthermore, virtually no ancient Greek paintings have survived the tests of time. This makes the painted compositions found on ceramic vessels like this example invaluable sources of information about ancient Greek visual art. Red figure pieces in particular allowed for the development of more naturalistic imagery than black figure examples. This innovative technique involved creating figures by delineating them in the natural red of the vase, making it possible for the painter to then enrich the figural forms with black lines to suggest volume, perspectival depth, and movement, bringing those silhouettes and their environs to life. Beyond this, fugitive pigments made it possible for the artist to create additional layers of interest and detail.
Provenance: ex-Barakat Gallery, Beverly Hills, California, USA, acquired prior to 2000
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#175206
Condition
Professionally repaired and restored with break lines barely visible in areas and minor chip to rim. Losses of fugitive pigments. Some expected nicks and abrasions, as shown. Otherwise, very nice with great preservation of decoration.