Ancient Near East, Sumeria or Babylon, ca. 2nd millennium BCE. A hand-carved marble mortar, a deep cuboid form standing on four nub-like feet, with two bull heads projecting from one short side. The mortar interior is worked to a rough, concave surface in the center, clearly having been used. The bull heads are dramatic and heavy, carved to have lines across the snout that represent a harness, with deepset eyes that may once have had inlays, broad foreheads that give an impression of power, and two short, curved horns that project outward from the top of the head. Size: 5.7" L x 3.7" W x 3.95" H (14.5 cm x 9.4 cm x 10 cm)
Bulls were linked to Enlil, the Mesopotamian god of air and storms and the supreme god of fertility; earthly rulers regarded themselves as the stewards of the bull god, and they incorporated the horns - so nicely displayed here - into their royal crowns. A mortar like this one - small, decorative - was probably used for ritual preparations rather than actual domestic food processing. This must have been a powerful religious item.
Provenance: private California, USA collection
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#135210
Condition
Two small cracks on rim that are stable. One leg is lost and has a modern addition to allow it to stand. One of the bull horns is partially lost. Encrustation on surface, with nice remaining form. Clear signs of use on interior.