Near East/Holy Land, Byzantine Empire, ca. 12th to 15th century CE. An incredible 89% gold pendant (equivalent to 21K+), cruciform, with curving and looping serpentine creatures extending up the upper arm, and small, eye- and head-like projections from the ends of the other three arms. A thick loop is at the top for suspension. Size: 1.55" W x 2" H (3.9 cm x 5.1 cm); 89% gold (equivalent to 21K+); 8.5 g
The Byzantine period was a time of intense religiosity and immense wealth concentrated in religion. On the backdrop of the Crusades and the split between the Eastern and Western branches of the Church, religious jewelry like this played a significant role. Not only did it symbolize one's status, it also served as a diplomatic tool. Interestingly, Emperor Justinian established laws (later called the Justinian Code) that among other things regulated the wearing of jewelry. He stated that sapphires, pearls, and emeralds were reserved for the emperor; however, every free man was actually entitled to wear a gold ring. This suggests widespread popularity of jewelry. After all, such a law would not have been necessary if jewelry had been a strictly aristocratic luxury. Indeed, wealth abounded in the Byzantine Empire. There were gold mines within its borders.
Provenance: private East Coast, USA collection; ex-Madame Frances Artuner collection, Belgium, acquired in the 1960s
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#144255
Condition
Very slight bending to form and very light encrustation in lower profile areas. Excellent condition.