Eastern Roman Empire, Byzantium, ca. 6th to 8th century CE. A dazzling cross pendant comprised of over 19 karat gold with an inlaid garnet cabochon at the center. The beautiful adornment features 4 conical arms that extend from a raised garnet bezel on one side that is surrounded by 2 layers of gold wire and 4 gold nodules - one on each arm. The verso displays several nodules and twisted gold wire at the center. All is surmounted by a vertically striped horizontal suspension loop with a nodule on one side. The religious art from this time period reflected Christian beliefs, and the cross replaced the previous Roman Christogram, becoming a widespread religious symbol during the Byzantine empire. This gold pendant was perhaps created for an elite individual to display both wealth and religious devotion. Size: 1.8" L x 1.4" W (4.6 cm x 3.6 cm); gold quality: 82.5% (19.8 karats); weight: 4.9 grams
The Byzantine period was a time of intense religiosity and immense wealth devoted to religion. On the backdrop of the Crusades and the split between the Eastern and Western branches of the Church, religious jewelry like this played a significant role. Not only did it symbolize one's status, but it also served as a diplomatic tool. Interestingly, Emperor Justinian established laws (later called the Justinian Code) that among other things regulated the wearing of jewelry. He stated that sapphires, pearls, and emeralds were reserved for the emperor; however, every free man was actually entitled to wear a gold ring. This suggests widespread popularity of jewelry, and indeed, wealth abounded in the Byzantine Empire, there were gold mines within its borders, making gold more easily accessible.
Cf. an ornate example that hammered for $10,575 at Christie's, New York "Ancient Jewelry" auction (sale 9826, December 5, 2001, lot 143).
Provenance: private London, UK collection; ex-private London, UK collection, acquired on the London art market in the 1990s; ex-Hewett collection
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#191735
Condition
Some minor indentations to gold, but, otherwise, intact, excellent, and wearable.