North America, east-central Tennessee (Overton County), Middle Woodland period, ca. 200 to 1000 CE. A fabulous set of four hand-carved stone pieces; three zoomorphic pipes, and one axe head. Enveloped in mottled hues of dark and light grey, the largest pipe has been smoothly carved into the form of an eagle or falcon with its tail displayed at the top of the pipe and its wings folded at its side. The pipe itself features an elongated form with a circular rim, a cylindrical body, and a cuboid fill hole that extends upwards from the end of the vessel. Below the fill hole, the avian creature's head exhibits bulging eyes and a sizable curved beak. The second pipe is in the form of a frog seated on a fish in a natural shade of light grey. With an annular aperture carved into his back to act as a fill hole, the frog showcases a flat snout with incised nostrils, a straight mouth, and round eyes that rise from his head. The fish boasts a flat form carefully incised with scales, fins, an annular eye, and an open mouth that operates as a blow hole. Please note that the Lucite stand is for photography purposes only. Size of largest: 8.125" L x 1.125" W x 2.25" H (20.6 cm x 2.9 cm x 5.7 cm)
Covered in a warm hue of sienna, the third pipe shows a small animal standing atop its lengthy body, as well as an annular blow hole and a raised fill hole. The last object is the axe head, which presents in a hue of light bluish-grey with a rectangular body that tapers to a sharp edge and a corseted area where it was once tied to its handle.
These types of pipes are a rare effigy form, which often featured animal figures, birds being the most common. Scholars posit that smoking pipes played an important role in Eastern Woodland culture, which spanned from sub-Arctic Canada to the southern United States. The earliest evidence we have for the use of tobacco in this area comes from ca. 100 to 200 CE; in addition to tobacco, and often prior to it, we know from ethnohistorical accounts that people smoked a variety of other plants, including dogwood, juniper, sumac, and bearberry. These pipes were not just made for the simple act of smoking; they seem to have had a strong religious component as well, and various archaeological sites from the period, including the Hopewell Mound sites, have the remains of hundreds of destroyed platform pipes, including effigy ones like these. Others were buried with their owners individually. Effigy platform pipes are believed to be totemic animals or spirits from Native cosmology.
Provenance: ex-private Ventura County, California, USA collection, acquired prior to 2008
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#154054
Condition
Collection label on bottom and chip to rim of largest. Expected surface wear with nicks/chips and abrasions as shown, all commensurate with age. Otherwise, intact and excellent with lovely earthen deposits throughout.