Native American, Midwestern to Southern United States, Indiana, Adams County, & Kentucky, Washington County, Eastern Woodland, Archaic Period, ca. 5000 to 1000 BCE. A collection of 3 interesting early Native American stone tools each hand-knapped: 2 banded slate bannerstones and a gorget preform of a dark brick-red stone. The slate bannerstones are each laterally drilled through to both ends- one is an elongated tubular type, the other is a winged or butterfly type. Bannerstones of various sizes and shapes have been found across the eastern part of North America, but their use is not fully understood. The red gorget is an elliptical shape with a flat and convex face and shallow drilled cavities at either end as if the maker had started to drill but did not complete the perforation, hence the preform designation. Size (winged bannerstone): 3" L x 1.5" W (7.6 cm x 3.8 cm)
Bannerstones remain an archaeological mystery. For many years, inspired by research done by a former physicist, archaeologists believed that bannerstones were used as weights to give atlatls greater power and control. Later experimental archaeology proved that this was not true - but did open the possibility that the bannerstone helped with fatigue when holding an atlatl still, while stalking skittish prey such as deer. Preforms of bannerstones and gorgets may be unfinished for many reasons; sometimes these tools are discarded when a mistake is made while knapping or a flaw is discovered in the stone matrix.
Provenance: private Kansas City, Missouri, USA collection; ex-John Townsend collection, formed in the 1970s and earlier.
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#162004
Condition
Old loss to banded slate bannerstone as shown. Winged bannerstone is repaired with visible break line across both wings. Chips and abrasions to red preform stone, but otherwise intact. Find site label and old inventory number on surface of the 2 banded slate bannerstones.