Native American, Pacific Northwest Coast, Northern Washington state to Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Makah or Nootka (Nuu-chah-nulth) tribe, ca. mid 20th century CE. A large head, possibly a mask, hand-carved from cedar wood and painted with bold red and black pigments. The face has a dramatic appearance with a striking profile, its visage comprised of huge eyes, alert raised ears, a pronounced snout with flared nostrils, a wide mouth with two rows of bared black teeth and red fangs, and a ridged forehead. This mask may have been created for the "Tluukwanna," or "Four Sacred Wolves" ceremony undertaken by novices of the Nootka Wolf Society. The carving is quite sophisticated presenting wonderful details like the markings on the cheeks and ears. Size: 21.5" L x 8.25" W x 10" H (54.6 cm x 21 cm x 25.4 cm)
The Tluukwanna (Lokwa'na'), or Nootka "Four Sacred Wolves" ritual, is one steeped in tradition but was barely understood by outsiders until the beginning of the 20th century. Edward Sapir, Canada's first professional anthropologist, succinctly explains how, "The wolf ritual may be briefly described as a dramatic performance representing the capture of novices by the wolves, their recapture from the wolves, the exorcism of wolf spirits that they bring back with them, and the performances of dances that the novices are supposed to have been taught by the wolves. The exact details of the course of the ritual differ according to the tribe and family traditions of the Lokwa'nap' or giver of the Lokwa'na'." (Sapir, Edward. "Some Aspects of Nootka Language and Culture." American Anthropologist, vol. 13, no. 1, 1911, p. 20. JSTOR, JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/659806)
Provenance: private Szurleys collection, Polson, Montana, USA, acquired in the 1970s to 1980s
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#141010
Condition
The form is in excellent condition. Some details have been repainted, but this is nicely done.