Eastern Europe, Russia, ca. 19th century CE. Finely delineated in egg tempera and gesso on wood, an icon depicting the miracle-working St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, the most widely-revered saint in Eastern Orthodox Christianity. Believed to possess special powers to protect the faithful, the archetypal Bishop and Saint is dressed in sumptuous episcopal vestments, with a cross-adorned omophorion, giving benediction with his right hand, and holding the Holy Gospel in his left. A fine gilded brass oklad with a skillfully cut halo as well as vestments and gospel beautifully rendered via repousse, and a rosette-adorned border finishes the icon beautifully. Size: 4.3" W x 5.25" H (10.9 cm x 13.3 cm)
The oklad (also spelled oclad) or riza, sometimes referred to as a revetment in English, is a metal cover that not only protects the icon, but also serves to honor or venerate the figure(s) depicted on the icon. Oklads are usually adorned with repousse work and pierced to reveal elements of the underlying painting - as we see in this example.
Nicholas, a Greek bishop of Myra, Anatolia in the 4th century and one of the most beloved saints of the church, who served as an intercessor, performing miracles of healing and rescue, has an interesting history. A strong opponent of the heretical bishop Arius at the Council of Nicaea, Nicholas, after slapping Arius in the face, was denied his holy insignia and tossed in jail. However, Christ and the Virgin appeared to him and gave him back his freedom and his episcopal office. Here shown with a serious countenance, a high furrowed forehead, concentrating eyes framed by arched brows, and a short, gray beard, Saint Nicholas is portrayed as a staunch champion of the Christian faith, a defender against heresy, and a healer.
Icons (icon means "image" in Greek) are sacred objects within the Eastern Orthodox Christian tradition. Found in homes as well as churches, these painted images depict holy persons and saints as well as illustrate scenes from the Scriptures. Icons are not worshiped but are instead venerated for their ability to focus the power of an individual's prayer to God. As a focus for prayers and meditation for believers, icons serve as "windows into heaven."
Provenance: private J.H. collection, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
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#154789
Condition
Two small losses from the halo on the oklad. The oklad is slightly loose and can lift off the top of the icon. The gilded brass has developed a warm patina over time. The icon itself is in very nice condition with vivid artwork. The wooden back is weathered with some small losses from the peripheries.