Eastern Europe, Russia, ca. 19th century CE. A heavy enameled brass three-bar cross with the crucified Christ taking central place and smaller scenes in low relief detail surrounding him to create the detailed, ornate effect that is so characteristic of Orthodox religious art. Dark, navy blue and pale white enamel give the background lovely details. The back is decorated with an ornate, incised motif of flowers and vines. Size: 5.7" W x 11" H (14.5 cm x 27.9 cm)
The three-barred cross is the most symbolic and prevalent shape in the Orthodox Church. The short topmost bar represents the sign reading "This is the King of the Jews" from Luke 23:38 that was nailed to the top of Christ's cross; the short bottom-most bar represents the foot rest on Christ's cross. This is depicted as slanted because it is believed that, in Christ's final moments, he kicked it out of place. The right side points upward to Heaven, and the left side points downward to Hell. Here, the uppermost bar contains a scene of heaven; the lower bar shows a scene on earth. At the bottom of the cross is a skull which represents the skull of Adam, and below his feet are four letters meaning, "The place of the skull became Paradise", to remind us that Adam lost Paradise through forbidden knowledge, and Christ will return us to it.
Provenance: private J.H. collection, Beaverton, Oregon, USA, acquired prior to 2000; ex-antique store collection, Portland, Oregon, USA
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#150969
Condition
Intact, with some light wear to the enamel. Patina on the exposed metal surfaces. Motifs and letters are all clear.