Southeast Asia, Indonesia, South Sulawesi Island, Toraja culture, ca. 19th century CE. A sizable, hand-carved wooden granary door with a large, stylized buffalo head protruding from the front. The rectangular door bears a pair of rod-form tenons on the upper and lower corners of one side that enabled it to swing open when in its original housing. Crowned by a magnificent pair of curved horns and a towering headdress, the massive buffalo head features a drooping face with a thick snout and a pair of petaloid ears flanking its bovine countenance. All is additionally adorned with incised parallel striations. An annular opening to the left of the buffalo's headdress would have allowed for a handle. Size: 4.5" L x 19" W x 25.5" H (11.4 cm x 48.3 cm x 64.8 cm); 26.1" H (66.3 cm) on included custom stand.
The Toraja are one of the oldest ethnic groups in all of Indonesia, though they did not view themselves as an ethnic group until the early 20th century. The Dutch colonial government named the people "Toraja" in 1909 as a means of identifying which ethnic groups they controlled during the period of Dutch colonization. The word "Toraja" comes from the Bugis Buginese language term "to riaja," meaning "people of the uplands." Torajans are renowned for their elaborate funeral rites, burial sites carved into rocky cliffs, massive and traditional peaked-roof houses known as tongkonan, and colorful wood carvings.
Doors like this example provided passage between two rooms in a Torajan house. Behind the door was a special room - known as a "sumbung" - used to lay out the dead before funerals. The likeness of a buffalo was oftentimes used on these doors as an auspicious symbol due to their defensive natures and adamant dispositions, and the staff between the horns is symbolic of protection or defense for the dwelling and those within.
Provenance: private Hawaii, USA collection, acquired from 2000 to 2010; ex-Loed & Mia van Bussel, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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#184893
Condition
Missing proper left ear. Lower right corner has an old repair and restoration with resurfacing and upper right has been professionally repaired and restored; all done expertly. Some stable fissures as well as nicks and abrasions commensurate with age as shown. Otherwise, nice presentation good remaining detail and rich patina throughout. Verso has old collection label and modern suspension hooks for display.