Southeast Asia, Cambodia, Khmer Empire, ca. 12th century CE. A magnificent, hand-carved stone antefix in the form of a 5-headed serpent or naga with the central head holding a garland of jewels in its mouth. Symbols of abundance and fertility, multi-headed rearing serpents (nagas) are common decorative motifs found on both Hindu and Buddhist temples in mainland Southeast Asia. The jeweled garland additionally serves as both an offering to the icon housed within and as a reminder of the merit one can achieve through worship at the temple. This type of inward-leaning antefix was introduced to Khmer temples around 1100. Size: 13.2" L x 25.9" W x 35.7" H (33.5 cm x 65.8 cm x 90.7 cm); 42.5" H (108 cm) on included custom stand.
Naga cults were popular in Indian, Sri Lankan, and Southeast Asian artwork during this period, but the symbolism is somewhat unclear. Some have proposed that nagas could be symbolic vehicles for elevating the dead - equating to transcendence. That is based on interpretation of artwork from around Angkor Wat and other parts of the Khmer world. Others see the inclusion of the naga as a holdover from earlier symbolic practices.
Naga means serpent in Sanskrit, a language from India selectively appropriated by the Khmer in Cambodia. In their own indigenous mythology, the Khmer people trace their descent from a naga princess and a prince from the island of Java who journeyed to Cambodia. The naga remains a potent emblem for the Khmer nation to this day; it is ubiquitous on Cambodian monuments.
This antefix is similar to an example in the collection of the Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, California (accession number F.1983.23.S).
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Provenance: private Bali, Indonesia collection
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#185168
Condition
Some age-expected nicks, chips, and abrasions as shown, but otherwise, in overall excellent condition with impressive preservation of detail. Light earthen deposits to surface.