Northern Europe, Viking / Norse culture, ca. 10th century CE. A remarkably-preserved iron sword topped with a symmetrical pommel that emulates a rounded hilltop. A thin horizontal guard separates the wide, double-sided blade - which has a shallow groove down its center - with intricate copper alloy inlays near the guard on either side in the forms of a sun cross, a stand alone cross, and an intricate linear form with a cross in the middle. The narrow tang would have been wrapped in leather, ivory, or some other perishable material. Viking swords had heavy, double-edged iron blades that needed to be balanced with equally-heavy handles and pommels. Using Petersen's typology (1919), the pommel appears to be a Type X, which was made for a long time period - most of the 10th century - and has been found throughout Scandinavia and into northern and central Europe - indeed, a sword of similar style is depicted on the Bayeux Tapestry! Size (full w/ guard): 40.3" L x 9.8" W (102.4 cm x 24.9 cm); size (blade): 35.5" L x 1.8" W (90.2 cm x 4.6 cm).
A Viking's sword was a hugely valuable object, passed down through families as an heirloom, and probably the most expensive item that an individual could own. For example, from the hundreds of items found in Viking burials in Iceland, only sixteen are swords; they are more common in other parts of the Viking world, especially in Norway, but were still a high-status item. A sword given by King Haakon the Good (King of Norway from 934 to 961 CE) to the Icelander Hoskuldur in the Laxdaela Saga was worth a half mark of gold, or the value of sixteen dairy cows, which was a tremendous sum for the time.
Provenance: ex-private Green collection, England, United Kingdom
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#145925
Condition
Guard and pommel may not be original to blade, but all components are ancient and assembled in ancient times. All components electrolytically cleaned for stabilization and preservation. Small losses to blade edges and copper alloy inlays as shown. Slight bending to overall form of blade and handle, with pitting across all components, and light oxidation. Light earthen deposits and fabulous patina throughout.