South Asia, Northeastern India, Pala Empire, ca. 10th to 11th century CE. This exceptional black stone stele presents Avalokiteshvara, the bodhisattva of compassion, whose name translates to "Lord Who Looks Down with Compassion." Seated in lalitasana ("royal ease") upon a lotus pedestal, he exudes serenity and divine grace. His proper left hand holds a lotus flower, symbolizing purity and enlightenment, while the yajnopavita (sacred thread) drapes across his chest, signifying spiritual wisdom. The reverse is flat, suggesting it was once set into a niche wall. However, it bears a Sanskrit inscription, the origins of which remain uncertain - whether carved at the time of creation or added later by a devoted follower. A revered figure in Buddhist iconography, Avalokiteshvara - also known as Padmapani ("Lotus Bearer") - is associated with benevolent protection and unwavering compassion. Size: 9.5" L x 4" W x 13" H (24.1 cm x 10.2 cm x 33 cm)
Pala steles often bear inscriptions containing Buddhist creeds, teachings of the Buddha, and occasionally the name of the patron or commissioner. In early Pala art, Avalokiteshvara is typically depicted standing with multiple arms. However, from the 10th and 11th centuries onward, he is increasingly portrayed seated in lalitasana (the posture of royal ease) with two arms.
The black stone used in this piece is particularly striking and notably exhibits magnetic properties and a high density - that makes it heavier than it appears. XRF (X-ray Fluorescence) testing reveals a composition rich in magnesium and iron, along with silicon and aluminum, which aligns with basaltic rocks found in Bihar and Bengal - regions known for producing many Pala-period sculptures. Given its Pala Empire origins the stone is most likely black basalt, commonly used for carving religious steles and statues.
Provenance: private Lafayette, Colorado, USA collection
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Condition
Old chips and abrasions along the peripheries, with some pitting, but otherwise excellent. Inscription on the verso is not translated, and has some losses and softening. Light mineral deposits in recessed areas. No discernable repairs or restoration.